Inkhabar webdesk

London (PA Media/dpa)  – HPV is often considered a taboo subject. Although most of us will be exposed human papillomavirus (HPV) at some point in our lives, it remains widely misunderstood. Receiving a positive HPV result can be worrying and confusing, yet the link between HPV and cervical cancer is more nuanced than many people realise. We spoke to Adeola Olaitan, a consultant gynaecological oncologist, who explained what HPV is, how it relates to cervical cancer and addressed some common myths around this topic. What is HPV? “HPV is a family of viruses that infect the skin and the mucosal tissue,” explains Olaitan. “There are different subtypes of HPV which are denoted by numbers.” You can get HPV from any skin-to-skin contact of the genital area, vaginal, anal or oral sex or through sharing sex toys, according to the UK's National Health Service (NHS) website. Most of the time HPV does not cause any problems, highlights the gynaecological oncologist. “In most cases, HPV is a transient, harmless condition, and most people clear it without even knowing that they had it,” says Olaitan. “It will usually clear naturally within two years.” What is the biggest misconception about HPV? “I think the biggest misconception about HPV is the stigma surrounding it,” says Olaitan. “Because it’s a sexually associated infection, people think it has connotations of promiscuity, which it doesn’t. You can have sex once and get HPV.” Which types of HPV can increase your risk of cervical cancer? There are over 200 types of HPV, according to The Eve Appeal, and they are split into two groups: low-risk HPV and high-risk HPV. Around 14 types of HPV are considered high risk for cervical cancer and two of these types (HPV 16 and HPV 18) cause about 70 out of 100 (70%) of all cervical cancer cases, according to Cancer Research UK. “HPV 16 and HPV 18 can infect the cervix, and if the infection persists then they can increase the risk of cervical cancer,” explains Olaitan. How can you find out if you have HPV? “There are usually no symptoms of HPV, so if you don’t go to a cervical cancer screening, you won’t know you have it,” says Olaitan. “The knowledge of whether you have HPV or not is only important because it marks people out as having a greater risk of having abnormal cells, which if left undetected or untreated can increase the risk of cervical cancer.” Everyone with a cervix should be invited for screening every five years from the age 25 to 64, according to the NHS website. It also states that during the screening appointment, a small sample of cells is taken from your cervix and the sample is checked for high-risk HPV types that can cause changes to the cells of your cervix. “If the initial screening finds high-risk HPV, a reflex cytology test would be conducted on the same sample to look for abnormal cells,” explains Olaitan. “If that finds no abnormal cells, you will be told to come back for a screening at a shorter interval. However, if abnormal cells are found you will be referred for a colposcopy to have a closer look at the cervix.” Can protect yourself against HPV? “The HPV vaccine is very effective at protecting people against HPV,” says Olaitan. “It’s typically given to children between the ages of 11 and 13 and is licensed to the age of 45, but it’s less effective the older you are. “But you can have it even if you’ve been exposed to HPV or you have a current HPV infection, and it gives immunity that’s stronger and longer lasting than natural immunity alone. So, it’s still good to have it, but it’s better to have it when you’re young.” What are some symptoms of cervical cancer to look out for? “The most common symptoms of cervical cancer are bleeding after sex, bleeding in between periods, bleeding after the menopause, or an offensive, persistent vagina discharge,” highlights Olaitan. “Most of the time these symptoms are indicative of benign conditions, but it’s important that they’re not ignored and that you go and get them checked to exclude anything more serious going on.” What’s the most important thing people should know about HPV and cervical cancer? “Remember that cervical cancer is preventable, and people who go for regular screenings are unlikely to get cancer,” says Olaitan. “Screening and being vaccinated are two of the most important things you can do for your health.” The following information is not intended for publication dpa pa mls

(The article has been published through a syndicated feed. Except for the headline, the content has been published verbatim. Liability lies with original publisher.)

Be extra vigilant about the health and wellbeing of older loved ones this winter. London (PA Media/dpa) – Cold weather, darker evenings and seasonal illnesses can make everyday tasks more challenging during the winter period, especially for older people. “Winter is a period when we need to be particularly vigilant about the health and wellbeing of older adults,” says Maria Talaban, registered nurse at the UK's Loveday Abbey Road care home. “Colder temperatures can trigger a rise in respiratory infections, reduced mobility from stiffness and cold-related pain, and an increased risk of dehydration as people naturally drink less. “Falls also become more common as joints tighten and energy levels dip, and in more severe cases, inadequate heating or clothing can lead to hypothermia. Chronic conditions such as COPD, diabetes and cardiovascular disease often worsen during this season, requiring closer monitoring and timely intervention.” However, the older adults in our lives might hesitate to ask for help. So, here is some advice on how to keep a closer eye on your loved ones this winter… How can you tell if an elderly relative is coping well day-to-day? “A relative who is coping well maintains their usual routines, keeps their living space relatively tidy, engages in conversation and shows interest in daily activities,” says Talaban. “Look for steady appetite, good hydration, appropriate clothing choices and a stable mood. If loved ones appear content, oriented and able to manage small tasks independently, it’s a strong indicator they’re managing well.” Other positive signs include keeping on top of bills and appointments, maintaining good social connections with family, friends and neighbours, and sleeping well with a regular routine, she adds. What subtle signs of decline do people often miss? Small, subtle changes often signal bigger issues. “Families often overlook reduced mobility, minor memory lapses, reluctance to go outdoors or small changes in posture and gait,” says Talaban. “Pay close attention to behavioural shifts such as irritability or withdrawn behaviour. These subtle markers, especially when new or progressing, can indicate emerging health challenges.” A prominent shift in eating or sleeping patterns could also be a red flag. “Shifts in sleep patterns, particularly increased daytime napping and night-time disorientation, may suggest an underlying change in wellbeing,” says Talaban. “In addition, unexplained weight loss, a declining appetite or an empty fridge are equally important signs. “Changes in personal hygiene, from wearing the same clothes repeatedly to an unkempt appearance, body odour or avoiding bathing and grooming, can also all point to someone quietly struggling with day-to-day life.” How can you tell if a loved one isn’t eating or drinking enough? “Weight loss, dry skin, dry mouth or cracked lips, constipation, fatigue, headaches, dark concentrated urine, reduced urination, dry skin, sunken eyes and mood changes or confusion often indicate poor nutrition or hydration,” highlights Talaban. “You may notice food left untouched, expired groceries, or a dwindling interest in meals. Families can support this by offering hydrating snacks, warm drinks and nutrient-dense foods.” How often should family members or friends check in? “Daily contact, whether through a call, message, or brief visit, offers invaluable reassurance and allows families to identify early signs of change,” says Talaban. “When checking in, look for subtle shifts in mobility, such as walking more slowly than usual, using furniture for support, hesitation on stairs, or difficulty rising from a chair.” What are some signs that might suggest an older adult is becoming socially isolated? “Reduced phone use, declining invitations, withdrawn behaviour and a loss of interest in hobbies are common early signs,” says Talaban. “A noticeable quietness, becoming emotionally distant or a lack of enthusiasm in conversation can also indicate loneliness. “We recommend day clubs, community groups or companionship visits to help older adults stay engaged, warm and socially connected.” How can you get an elderly relative to open up without being confrontational? “Gentle curiosity works better than direct questioning,” advises Talaban. “Create a relaxed environment, perhaps during a shared cup of tea and ask open, non-judgemental questions.” What other practical things can family members or friends do to help an older adult who lives on their own this winter? Small, thoughtful actions can make a big difference. “Ensuring the home is warm, pathways are safe and cupboards are well stocked provides vital security during the colder months,” says Talaban. “Families can also offer support by arranging transport to appointments and planning regular social engagements.” It’s also a good idea to prepare for emergencies. “Make sure the home is winter-ready with a safely functioning heating system, working torches, extra blankets and a clearly displayed list of emergency contacts,” advises Talaban. “It’s also wise to keep a simple emergency kit on hand, stocked with essentials, to provide reassurance and support during unexpected weather disruptions or power cuts.” The following information is not intended for publication pa dpa coh

(The article has been published through a syndicated feed. Except for the headline, the content has been published verbatim. Liability lies with original publisher.)

As the year draws to a close, some of us will find ourselves overwhelmed with festivities. Is this break going to be one of all-out revelry or a more moderate approach that benefits your body and soul. London (PA Media/dpa) – Hitting the booze and festive food hard is often as much a part of Christmas as awkward work dos and Rudolf. But it doesn’t have to be that way. You can enjoy December without a perpetual hangover and a tin of chocolates constantly on the go – you might even have a better time. “A lot of people down tools on December 1 from a health and wellbeing perspective, then it’s like, ‘Right, January is the time to really kick on,’” says Andy Carr, master trainer and head of fitness for Snap Fitness UK & Ireland. “I don’t know if it’s a British thing, or a human thing, but we’re not particularly good at moderation.” So, in an effort to avoid a pigs-in-blanket-coma (not technically a medical condition…) and your mood dipping in line with the number of cocktails you knock back, here’s how to make the most of party season, without overdoing it and burning out… Go easy before big nights out If you know you’ve got your work bash coming up, plan your week accordingly and nail the basics. “Get a bit of rest, make sure you’re eating lots of nutrient-rich meals and have a balanced week, because we can all feel a bit of guilt when we go wild at social events,” says Carr. “You need to be looking after yourself and fuelling your body properly during the Christmas period to enjoy it,” agrees physiologist and nutritionist at Nuffield Health, Hannah Belsham. “You don’t want to be having colds and flu and feeling sluggish, bloated and tired.” Good nutrition and decent sleep can help ward those off. Earn the fun “It’s a difficult time of year to get yourself down to the gym because it’s darker in the evenings, but it’s really important for your mental health,” says Carr. “If you are going to be drinking on these nights out, it will affect your mentality, so making sure you’re exercising regularly, and you feel confident and happy in yourself will mean you make more mindful decisions on your night out, and you’ll have earned the fun you’re having.” Focus on fibre You don’t have to skip the cheese and chocolate, but mix in some good, fibre-rich stuff too, says Belsham. “Fibre slows down the tract of food throughout our gut, which means if we have sweets with a high glucose content, the glucose spikes we get are not as intense, and we’re not getting the crash afterwards. It also means we’re feeling fuller for longer, so we’re less likely to carry on snacking.” Luckily, there are so many good vegetables to enjoy at this time of year. “I’m such a nutritionist, my favourite part of Christmas dinner is the vegetables,” says Belsham. “I know that’s controversial, but I love a little honey-roasted parsnip, Brussels sprouts, and red cabbage.” And if you are maxing out on crisps and crackers, have them “with carrot sticks and cucumber to make each snack more mindful”. This can all help with gut health at Christmas too, reducing discomfort and bloating. Stay hydrated “Hydration on a night out is important. I have a glass of water between drinks – it is simple, but effective, and that helps me the following day so I don’t feel as tired and dehydrated,” says Carr. As well as alternating booze and water, you can ‘zebra-stripe’ with zero per cent alcohol or soft drinks. Mindful drinking expert and Breast Cancer UK ambassador, Camille Vidal says tactics like this help pace you. You can also try “starting with something alcohol free, and ending with something alcohol free to reduce how much you drink”. Reframe the role of booze “We have this narrative that alcohol is what makes the moment better, but feeling horrible and hungover on Christmas Day or Boxing Day isn’t a nice experience,” says Vidal. “It’s about celebrating in a way that feels good in the moment and the day after.” If you’re feeling pressure to drink, Vidal recommends saying: “‘I’m not drinking at the moment because I feel so much better when I don’t.’” Or if you’re working on a fitness goal, share that with loved ones to help them get onboard, or even join you and “keep each other accountable”. Pack the fridge with non-alcoholic options, even if you aren’t mindfully drinking yourself. “Other people might be, so when hosting parties, make sure there is an option for everyone and be more inclusive in the way you celebrate,” says Vidal. Stand up for yourself Setting boundaries might sound a bit therapy-speak, but having a sense of what you are and are not comfortable with is important. “It’s okay to say no,” says Carr. “You’re going to be around people that you either socialise regularly with, or potentially people that you don’t, and therefore you might feel a bit of pressure to stay out later than you usually would. Protect your own energy. It’s absolutely fine to enjoy yourself, but know the correct time to say no and get yourself home.” The same goes with alcohol, says Vidal. “You don’t have to say, ‘I’m not drinking’. Just go to the bar and ask for an alcohol-free option that will look exactly the same in the glass – you don’t have to justify yourself.” Get your rest post-party ‘Tis the season for burning the candle at both ends, but you do need to sleep. “Sleep is this odd thing we feel we can sacrifice when we need to. An hour or two here or there each night is something that surely we can get away with because it’s just a bit of sleep, but the reality is it is a little bit like stealing a few hours now, but paying for it later,” says Dr Jeff Foster of Manual.co. “A reduction in one or two hours of sleep per night for two weeks can have a significant impact on our hormone levels, including testosterone and cortisol. Doing this for longer periods can have a significant impact on our mental health and cardiovascular health risk.” Foster recommends “not staying out too late or trying to split your social events across different days or weeks to minimise the repeated impact of recurrent sleep deprivation”. “You could even try hosting a party that starts a bit earlier in the hope that it finishes earlier as well,” he adds. Take it easy – but still move your body You don’t have to subscribe to the ‘sweat it out’ philosophy after a big night out. “I don’t go all guns blazing,” says Carr. “For 48 hours afterwards, yes, but the day after your body is in recovery.” He prefers low-impact exercise. “Reformer Pilates gets me to reconnect with myself, get out of the mindset of a hangover, and gives me a boost if I’m feeling low on energy.” Otherwise, he swears by taking a long walk. “That freshens me up, and I feel a lot better.” Breathe deeply “Although it can be a really happy time, it can also be a really overwhelming season,” acknowledges Belsham. “Mindfulness or deep breathing can help reset your nervous system balance, and that can calm your heart rate, especially if you’re also suffering ‘hanxiety’. Alcohol can disrupt GABA, your calm hormone neurotransmitter, which means you’re more likely to feel anxious the next day. Box breathing can help balance everything out and improve those anxious feelings.” The following information is not intended for publication pa dpa coh

(The article has been published through a syndicated feed. Except for the headline, the content has been published verbatim. Liability lies with original publisher.)